Are You at Risk? There are a number of known risk factors for both pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. If you have one or more of the following risk factors, you should consult a specialist immediately:<ul><li>Being overweight or obese (BMI 25 or higher)</li><li>Sedentary lifestyle</li><li>Family history of diabetes (especially first-degree relatives)</li><li>Low HDL or good cholesterol (less than 35 mg/dl or 0.9 mmol/l) and high triglycerides (more than 250 mg/dl)</li><li>High blood pressure (sustained 140/90 mmHG or higher)</li><li>History of cardiovascular disease</li><li>History of gestational diabetes</li><li>Diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)</li><li>Giving birth to a baby weighing more than 4 kg</li><li>Previous haemoglobin A1c test result of 5.7 or higher </li></ul>What are the Precautions to be Taken?Changing nutrition and lifestyle habits is the most important step to be taken in the treatment of diabetes. With the changes being made, the development and progression of diabetes can be stopped or even reversed. Nutrition and lifestyle changes include:<ul><li>Personalised nutrition plan</li><li>Being active</li><li>Losing weight</li><li>Avoiding long periods of inactivity</li><li>Getting enough sleep</li><li>To apply stress management techniques</li></ul>

The Epidemic of Our Age: Type 2 Diabetes

Today, type 2 diabetes has become an epidemic. It is estimated that more than 500 million adults worldwide suffer from diabetes. And this number is increasing day by day. But pre-diabetes (hidden diabetes) is a much more common problem than full-blown diabetes. It occurs when blood sugar starts to rise and indicates that the amount of insulin produced cannot manage blood sugar levels. If no action is taken, this leads to type 2 diabetes. And unfortunately, many people do not even realise they have pre-diabetes. Timely diagnosis of pre-diabetes is important because organ damage occurs in approximately 20 percent of people diagnosed with diabetes. At the same time, various health problems such as visual impairment and risk of heart attack occur.The disease is no longer limited to middle-aged and older adults; children and young people are increasingly being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Their risk of developing many other chronic diseases during their lifetime also increases significantly. This is because diabetes is a metabolic disease and affects the whole body negatively. What are the Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes?It may include one or more of the following:<ul><li>Thirst, dry mouth and frequent urination</li><li>Tingling or burning sensation in the feet, legs, hands or other parts of the body</li><li>Weakness and fatigue</li><li>Blurred vision</li><li>Sudden feeling of hunger</li><li>Sudden attacks of anger and rage</li><li>Increase in body weight</li><li>Frequent or recurrent infections (urinary tract infections, fungal infections)</li><li>Slow healing of cuts and wounds</li></ul>What are the Possible Complications of Type 2 Diabetes?<ul><li>Cardiovascular diseases</li><li>Neuropathy (nerve damage)</li><li>Diabetic nephropathy (permanent kidney damage)</li><li>Retinopathy (eye damage)</li><li>Diabetic foot</li><li>Skin diseases</li><li>Hearing impairment</li><li>Alzheimer&#x27;s disease</li><li>Depression</li></ul>

What are the Types of Dysbiosis? There are three types of dysbiosis. In most cases, you can have all three types. This is not a rare condition. The types of dysbiosis are as follows:<ul><li>Type 1. This type of dysbiosis occurs when the number of beneficial bacteria in your intestines decreases.</li><li>Type 2. It develops when there is too much growth of harmful bacteria in your stomach.</li><li>Type 3. It occurs when you lose your microbiome diversity. This means that you lose both good and bad bacteria in your stomach.</li></ul>Research shows that you may be more likely to have stomach problems when your gut microbiome is out of balance. At the same time, studies have also shown that dysbiosis is linked to IBD. For all these reasons, improving the gut should be at the top of the action plan in the treatment of both intestinal diseases and chronic diseases.

What is Gut Dysbiosis?

The intestines contain trillions of microorganisms that compose the gut microbiome. This intestinal flora consisting of bacteria, fungi and viruses directly affects our health. Bacteria in the gastrointestinal system; They are divided into two as beneficial bacteria and harmful bacteria. Beneficial bacteria help digest what we eat, produce vitamins, keep inflammation in balance, detoxify toxins, produce energy for intestinal cells, regulate cholesterol metabolism, maintain ideal PH balance, strengthen immune function and many more. Harmful bacteria, on the other hand, produce toxins and starch fermentation that cause bloating and gas formation. These bacteria tend to travel to different parts of the intestines and move to other places, such as the stomach and small intestine. When the number of harmful bacteria increases (when you use too many antibiotics, do not consume fibre-containing foods and consume too much sugar, which is one of the food sources of harmful bacteria), this balance is disturbed. This imbalance in the intestine is called &#x27;dysbiosis&#x27;. In the presence of dysbiosis, we become vulnerable to many diseases. When the intestinal microbiome loses bacterial diversity, the risk of developing a chronic disease increases. In addition, the decrease in intestinal bacteria with age can contribute to the development of dysbiosis. Dysbiosis interferes with healthy immune system activity in several different ways. Harmful bacteria produce many harmful toxins, including lipopolysaccharides (LPS toxins). Both the bad bacteria and these toxic by-products disrupt the structure of the protective lining inside the intestines. The job of the intestinal lining is to keep pathogens and toxins safely locked away in the gut while allowing nutrients to enter the bloodstream. But when bad bacteria, LPS toxins and other harmful compounds attack, the intestinal barrier is damaged and these compounds enter the bloodstream. From there they can reach any part of your body and pose a serious threat to your health. Your immune system recognises these threats and starts to mount a response. It uses inflammation as one of its main defence tools. If new threats are constantly leaking through the intestinal barrier, your immune system cannot stop its response. This leads to systemic and prolonged inflammation, which is the root cause of many autoimmune and chronic conditions.

Which foods should not be consumed during the diet?1. Histamine Rich Foods Histamine levels are high in long-stored or ripening foods.Fermented alcoholic beverages, especially wine, champagne and beerFermented foods: pickles, vinegar, mayonnaise, soya sauceProcessed meats: salami, sausage, bacon, sausageDried fruits: apricots, plums, figs, grapes, mulberries, dried fruits and pulpsCitrus fruitsAged cheeses including goat cheeseSome nuts (such as walnuts, cashews, peanuts)AvocadoSmoked fish and some varieties of fish: mackerel, tuna, anchovies, sardines 2. Histamine TriggersIn addition, certain foods cause the release of histamine in the small intestine. These foods are called histamine releasers.Alcoholic drinksCheese, fondueChocolateCow milkSome vegetables (tomatoes, spinach, aubergines, aubergines, potatoes)Some fruits (papaya, pineapple, banana, strawberry, kiwi)Shellfish, fish saucesWheat germMost food additives and food colourings 3. Foods that Block DAO EnzymeAlcoholEnergy drinksBlack teaMate teaGreen Tea 4. Foods that are both high in histamine and block the DAO enzyme:Alcoholic products (beer, wine, champagne)Free FoodsMangoPearWatermelonMelonAppleGrapeBlackberryApricotPlumRokaBeetrootAsparagusBroccoliBrussels sproutsCarrotCauliflowerGarlicLettuceOnionGarlicQuinoaBuckwheatRiceFresh meatsPeasLentilMint, Thyme, Sage, RosemaryTurmericGingerCoconut milk/oilAlmond milkCoconutStinging nettleSweet potatoEgg (controlled)Fresh big fishChestnutHerbal and fruit teasOlive/olive oilGheeSesameHow often should foods be added during reintroduction?All eliminated foods should not be included at the same time. When adding, it should be started with foods that are thought not to harm the person. Foods should be given to the body little by little.In the reintroduction phase, the selected food should be introduced for one day and waited for three days. If the body reacts after the banned food is tried, the transition period to another banned food should be at least one week. If the body does not react, another banned food can be introduced after three days.During the reintroduction phase, a food diary can be kept to identify foods that cause a reaction. This makes it easier both to check the findings and to act according to the results.

Histamine Intolerance: All You Need to Know

Histamine is a product of the breakdown of histidine, an amino acid that participates in many reactions in the body. When histamine, which acts as a neurotransmitter in the immune and digestive system, cannot be eliminated from the body quickly enough and &#x27;histamine intolerance&#x27; develops. Histamine intolerance occurs when the histamine taken into the body cannot be broken down and accumulates in the body and causes allergic reactions in people.This condition usually develops when the DAO enzyme is deficient. This enzyme is the main enzyme responsible for the breakdown of histamine and determines the rate of histamine breakdown. When the DAO enzyme is insufficient and the body cannot break down histamine, health problems begin to appear in the person. Physical reactions may be exacerbated if the diet is high in histamine or rich in foods that cause histamine release. Although the symptoms are similar to allergies, unlike allergies, they are long-lasting and do not appear suddenly. It is also very difficult to diagnose with blood and allergy tests.Symptoms of Histamine Intolerance:DizzinessFatigueHeadacheFlushing, especially of the head and chestNasal congestion, difficulty breathingConstantly runny or itchy noseHerpesFrequent sneezingItchingDry or scaly skinAtopic dermatitisDigestive problems (stomach cramps, nausea, vomiting, heartburn, indigestion, gas, constipation and diarrhea)Heart palpitationsTinnitusRed itchy or watery eyesMenstrual irregularityIrritabilityAnxiety What are the Causes of Histamine Intolerance?-Genetically, some people produce less of the enzymes involved in the breakdown of histamine.-Inflammation of the intestinal lining can disrupt the release of the DAO enzyme. Histamine is therefore broken down more slowly.-If inflammation causes the intestinal lining to become permeable, food sensitivities can develop, which can lead to histamine release.-Certain types of bacteria, which are usually present in a healthy intestine, not only reduce histamine release but also reduce the sensitivity of histamine receptors, lowering their activity. In the presence of SIBO, bacteria that are normally found in the colon pass into the small intestine, which can cause excessive histamine release.-Chronic stress and irregular sleep promote high histamine levels.-Some medical drugs such as aspirin increase histamine release.-High levels of ongoing stress and irregular sleep cause high histamine levels.Certain nutrients are needed for histamine-degrading enzymes to work. These include magnesium, vitamin B6 and vitamin C. How Is Conventional Treatment of Histamine Intolerance Performed? Anti-histamine drugs are designed to reduce the effects of histamine by preventing it from binding to histamine receptors. However, these drugs do not reduce histamine levels, they only block its effect.What is the Histamine Diet, How is it done? The main purpose of the histamine diet is to balance its release in the body by eliminating histamine-rich foods for a while. A low histamine diet should be done for 2-4 weeks to eliminate symptoms. The duration of the diet varies according to the symptoms in the body. With the calming of the symptoms, the foods removed from the diet are reintroduced to the body. This period is called &#x27;reintroduction period’.

What are the Procedures Applied in Smile Makeover? In smile makeover, treatment is usually applied to the upper and lower eight or ten teeth. The most commonly used treatments include multiple porcelain veneers; because they are both conservative restorations and provide a highly aesthetic appearance. Porcelain crowns, bridges, implants, and even implant-supported dentures can also be part of smile design, depending on the individual&#x27;s needs.How Long Does the Smile Makeover Process Take?The treatment period may take 2-15 days depending on the oral and dental structure and needs of the person.

Smile Design: Redesign Your Smile

Your oral and dental health is of great importance for your aesthetic appearance and self-confidence as well as your general health integrity. If you are not satisfied with your smile, if you are worried about the appearance of your teeth while laughing and if you hide your teeth, you can consider having a smile makeover as a solution to all these problems. In this way, you can have the aesthetic smile and appearance you desire in a short time, and at the same time you can experience an increase in self-confidence.What is a Smile Makeover?Smile makeover is a process in which the undesired appearance is improved through one or more cosmetic dentistry procedures. Personalised treatment plans include all health and aesthetic-oriented procedures. Anyone who wants to change their appearance or has problems with their teeth can consider having this treatment. In this procedure; <ul><li>Tooth decays are treated</li><li>Crooked teeth are aligned</li><li>Gaps between teeth are closed</li><li>Protrusions are reduced</li><li>Deformities in the gums are corrected</li><li>The length and shape of the teeth are changed</li><li>Prosthesis or implant is placed instead of missing teeth</li><li>Teeth whitening</li><li>Lip contours are shaped</li></ul>or any combination of the above-mentioned can be planned.

The Epidemic of Our Age: Type 2 Diabetes

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